It is perhaps one of the simplest styles of roofing, and is often combined with gables or other. Like the framing of any roof, there are some basic points to know in order to do it successfully. Read on to learn more about the pros and cons of each roof type, and find out which one is a more appropriate choice for your needs. A building code perspective on conventional roof framing. Coldformed steel is continuing to increase in popularity in the residential construction market and is gaining an increasing market share compared with other construction materials. This is a guide to framing any gable, dutch, tudor, california, gambrel, shed, or gazebo roof including irregular roofs that can stump even experienced roof cutters. Hip and valley roofing the text provides subject matter related to more detailed hip and valley roofs. Large illustrations and simple formulas chop every roof framing problem down to size. Our core geographic markets are arizona, northern california and the greater reno, nevada, area.
Log in to save your progress and obtain a certificate in alisons free diploma in carpentry studies online. The area where one section of roof meets other section is considered as the hip and the hip roof generally has very uniform angles without any vertical end. If not, the rafter cuts will give you migrane headaches. From one end of the rafter material, using a speed square or framing square, mark an x in 12 angle on the rafter and cut it. First, the tributary roof load flowing to the end of the ridge beam is calculated, then this point load, p, is. A dutch hip roof is a combination of both the hip roof and gable roof features.
Roof plan a roof framing plan shows size and direction of the construction members that are required to. In framing floors and stairs, larry haun and his brother joe frame the floor of a basic 1,600 square foot house. Residential hip roof framing using coldformed steel members. Handdriven and pneumatic fasteners were included in the test program.
The advent of the massproduced computerdesigned truss roof has made the true roof cutter a dying breed. While it is slightly more complicated to frame a hip roof than a gable roof this really shouldnt put you off at all. Apr 04, 2010 the problem with going anymore than that, is then you might start to get deflection in the material spanning the 4 x 6 s, i. A disadvantage of the hip roof is that it is more difficult to construct than a gable. Roof framing is one of the most challenging tasks of framing. Inline framingalign floor, wall, and roof framing members directly above or below one another so that loads are transferred directly downward. Basic roof framing discuss the photo building a roof roofs are constructed in many different shapes. Roof features associated with basic roof framing terms are shown in figure 22. This is because the hip roof has 4 sides instead of 2.
To make it easier, before you start to measure, mark and cut, print these templates, fold over some scrap wood same size as rafters and cut through the paper to form the correct plumb and side cuts for common, hip and creeper rafters. Wcd1 details for conventional wood frame construction. It sounds like the ub has a prop which prevents the ridge sagging. With inline framing, double top plates can be eliminated because the load is distributed evenly through the top plate. Rafters act more like the top chord of a roof truss than as a roof joist. Individual connections and connections within fullscale roof systems were tested to quantify potential system effects.
A roof with a 12 pitch or a rise of 12 the width of the building and a run of 12 feet. Hardware is designed to be by simpson strongtie corporation, inc. Refer to as 1684 or timber framing manual for tiedown details. These are framing members that extend at right angles from the plate line to the roof ridge. The plan reader should be familiar with roof styles and the rafter components of these designs to calculate roof framing materials and framing labor. Instead of 2 faces to the roof with a ridge board running the length of the structure, a hip roof has 4 sides. Measure down y height from the longpoint of the rafter cut and make a mark. Research and summarize contact a manufacturer of residential wood trusses. There are two parts to the text, part 1 hip and valley roofs and part 2 broken hip and valley roofs, which address the following. Roof framing paperback july 1 1984 by marshall gross author 3. A roof plan shows the shape of the roof, as well as roofing materials, underlayment and location of vents.
How to frame hip roofs hip roof design, roof framing. No math skills are required, just a framing square. The rafters carry the applied loads to the exterior walls. They are called common rafters because they are common to all types of roofs and are used as the basis for laying out other types of rafters. We presented the full variant of this ebook in epub, djvu, pdf, doc, txt formats. How to measure roof rafters including the pitch and birds mouth seat cuts captioned duration. There is a dearth of information on this complex subject, and this text is a welcome entry for that void. Roof framing learn how to frame a roof and calculate. Roof framing connections in conventional residential.
Hip roof framing and roof rafter framing are very challenging. I think i would use the 4x6s in a mini post and beam structure, spacing the beams so that i could use 2x4s for the roof joists which would then be 16 o. Wood frame construction is the predominant method of building homes and apartments in the united states, enabling this nation to have the worlds best housed popu. Span is the horizontal distance between the outside. Ive had a construction master pro as an app for some time, but this dvd unlocks its full power. See all 4 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. The author explains how to use an inexpensive handheld calculator to figure. The first is a schematic drawing, below showing the position of plates, ridges, rafters, etc. The basic steps of hip roof framing written by doityourself staff. Canadaian roof structure framing suggestions, codes, guides for gable roofs, low slope roofs, cathedral ceilings. Roof framing by marshall gross if looking for a ebook roof framing by marshall gross in pdf format, in that case you come on to faithful site. This guide will help you decide between a hip and gable roof for your new house, or an existing roof reframing project. Frame construction manual for one and twofamily dwellings afpa.
Aug 10, 2014 wall framing basics how to frame a wall and door duration. I know that when you are framing a gable roof, you can use collar ties in lieu of attaching ceiling joists to the bottom of the rafters. Gross is himself a talented roof cutter and carpenter, he is less talented as a teacher and writer. What are some things to consider in determining the shape of a roof. Incomplete clerestoryhouse frame, upper floor, roof and window of the rear building history framing house unfinishedhip roof vs gable roof and its advantages and disadvantageswalmdach vs satteldach if you have to build. Hip rafter plumb and side cuts calculators for contractors.
I drew two roof plans to use in the actual framing process. Framing failures in woodframe hip roofs under extreme wind loads article pdf available in frontiers in built environment 4 february 2018 with 853 reads how we measure reads. I just received and watched roof framing 101 volume 1. Discussion in residential structural codes started by jobsaver, jul 9. With enough planning you should have no problem framing a hip roof addition. First referenced in the irc in 2006, collar ties had been required long before that in the southern standard building code and in the highwind provisions of the uniform building code. The frame structure of a hip roof is more complicated than of a gable roof. We trust the news media may make mistakes, but largely present reality the way it is. Parts of a roof the main structural parts of a roof are ceiling joists, ridge board, jack rafter, hip rafter, common rafters, creeper rafters, raking plates, out riggers and noggings or last rafter overhang. It can be difficult to visualize rafter plumb and side cut angles and how the common, hip and creeper rafters all fit together.
Roof framing calculations portland community college. The rafter length is 16, 11, 6, or 16 feet 11 612 inches. Wall framing 31 requirements 31 platform construction 31 balloon construction 33 window and door framing 34 endwall framing 36 interior walls 38 lath nailers 39 chapter 7. Im trying to find out if a hip roof can be framed as a true cathedral. The roof framers field manual has every trick in the book.
The gable portion of a dutch hip roof is usually placed at the end of the roof ridge and sits on top of the plane of the hip roof. Hip and valley roofing property and building inspections. Which criteria is being used, to determines the king post. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. It is sometimes also referred to as a dutch gable roof, precisely because it contains both roof style features. Learning how to frame a hip roof addition isnt actually that difficult as long as you have the right tools and materials available. These are roof members that extend diagonally from the corner of the plate to the ridge. Buy a cheap copy of simplified roof framing book by j. Analysis of conventionally framed hip roofs using coldformed steel members.
Generally, there are three major factors that contribute in the design or style of a hip roof. Many people have a problem calculating a simple roof rafter let alone full hip. A comprehensive handbook on uses and applications of the bench saw, jointer and shaper plainfield, nj. Choose a content vocabulary or academic vocabulary word that is new to you. This book covers all the basics of roof framing and using the steel square to frame a roof but i would recommend buying a copy of roof framing by h h siegele. Types of roofs the most commonly used types of pitched roof construction are the gable, the hip, the intersecting, and the shed or leanto. Framing the news we like to think of reality as fixed, as something we can all agree on.
A wider area photo will more than likely demonstrate that the ub does more than just provide a prop to the ridge. The complete pocket reference to roof framing 2nd edition by barry d. Roof framing with hip, valley, and jack rafters is more complex than framing entirely with common rafters. To succeed, you must know how to use a framing square. Hip roof framing hip to common to ridge join diagram ply sheathing angle and cut setback both sheet orientations sheathing hip cut calculator hip roof ply cut angle diagram 18. American institute of steel construction aisc 2001, manual of steel. The last roof framing member to discuss is the collar tie, also called a collar beam. Roof design roof design is a major feature of a houses architectural style. Since 1975, our crews have framed more than 80,000 homes. These hip rafters run at a 45 angle from each corner of the building to the ridge. The provisions for prescriptive roof construction are found in chapter 8 of the irc and in section 2308 of the ibc. This plan, like the model, gave me a general idea of how the roof the structural model, above shows just how complicated the roof is. The atkins saw book for the farm workshop and woodlands indianapolis.
Tiedown fixings tiedown fixings are used to resist uplift and shear forces lateral loads in floor framing, wall framing and roof framing. Accurate cuts are vital and the walls upon which the rafters rest must be square and level. Using the results of your rafter length calculation, measure from this point along the rafter. The ridge board is centered width wise and lengthwise. This will the first point of the rafter measurement line. Any roof which has 4 sides, all of which slope upwards to meet at a seam at the top of the roof, is a hip roof. Mar 22, 2012 roof framing is one of the most challenging tasks of framing. Roof plan a roof plan is commonly drawn to a scale of 18 inch per foot or 116 inch per foot. The ridge board is centered widthwise and lengthwise. Hip roofs or so called hipped roofs are a special type of roof that has a very gentle slope at the sides with a downward pattern towards the side walls. Roof pitch the roof pitch is the numerical measure of how steep or shallow a roof is.
Framing a roof berlinboylston regional school district. When you fi nd it in the text, write down the defi nition. Gable a gable roof has a ridge at the center and slopes in two directions. As previously stated, it is common practice to neglect any contribution of roof sheathing when designing the framing members except to prevent lateraltorsional buckling of. Refer to the figure as you study the terms discussed in the next paragraphs. Hip roof framing is more complicated than that of a gable roof. They take you stepbystep through the entire process, showing you practical ways to organize tasks, streamline procedures, and handle all the right tools and materials efficiently. Hip roof framing and building all about roof, roofing. Framing framing theorys empire 1 scott mclemee the book now in your hands is the product andor simulacrum of an online seminar. The secondfloor walls are framed and erected at the malibu beach house, and the framing of an authentic californiaspanish hip roof begins.
The roof framers field manual blue palmetto home inspection. The news media make every effort to promote this view by trying to appear neutral and objective. Creeper rafter plumb and side cut templates saw miter. They write, media discourse can be conceived of as a set of interpretive packages that give meaning to an issue. It consists of a few rounds of debate, tangential amplification, and afterthoughtmaking this a peculiarly openended sort of document, one characterized by the noise of crosstalk. Following is a brief description of the vari ous rafters, how to get the. But the writers and editors who report the news are anything but. All that being said it is still a good book to add to your collection of construction manuals if you have one.
Many people have a problem calculating a simple roof rafter let alone full hip roofs by simply knowing what the pitch of roof is. Framing any roof but particularly a gable roof, low slope roof, and cathedral ceilign roofs requires collar ties, rafter ties, and possibly a structural ridge beam to support the. Missouri university of science and technology scholars mine. Roof framing calculations common rafter unit line length the unit ll run for all common rafters is 12 inches. Ive just added a plan drawing to the hip roof calculator on that shows all the rafter setout points for walls, ridge and hips.
Roof framing connections in conventional residential construction. Screwed to minimum 2 2x dfl studs using 6 sds 14 x 2 12 screws. Set the framing reference mark at the outside corner of an end and side walls. This book has been designed to be accessible to skilled mechanics in construction who do not have a working knowledge of mechanical drawing, geometry, or. The focus of this project was on connections used with conventional lightframe wood roof construction. Hip roofs having deep eaves that can assist in shading a window from sunlight. It builds on knowledge and skills acquired during basic roof framing. The distance from the outside edge of the end wall, to the center line of first stud on the side wall, is 24. This book takes you through every measurement and every cut on each type of roof so you can understand exactly whats required. Roof framing simplified cut, jack, inches, feet, length. Roof framing guidelines calculating load on a king truss to design a rafterjoist king truss to support the end of a structural ridge, the engineer must calculate the tension force, t, that will be induced in the joist. Roof framing terms are related to the parts of a triangle. You wont find a book which explains complex roof scenarios in an easier to understand way.
The unit line length is the hypotenuse of the run and rise. Would the framing labor and material for a steep pitch victorian roof be the similar to a colonial. Conventionally framed roof construction uses rafters, ridge members, and ceiling joists. Irwin rafter square reference guide complete instruction book. Ceiling and roof framing 40 ceiling joists 40 flush ceiling framing 42 post and beam framing 42 roof slopes 44 flat roofs 45 pitched roofs 45.