Perceived stress scale, pss usefulness to practitioners the pss provides an opportunity to understand how a family sees their own strengths and challenges in managing stress. The stress scales author title of the scale holmes and rahe 1967 social readjustment rating scale cohen et al. Estudo observacional do tipo transversal com delineamento amostral naoprobabilistico. Perceived stress scale pss is a selfreported instrument with 10 items, which is widely used psychological instrument for measuring the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful cohen et al, 1983.
Pdf perceived stress among adolescents pooja goyal. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss, and to compare the. Sep 30, 2008 this paper describes the development of a japanese version of the perceived stress scale pss, and examines the equivalence between the original and translated version. The 10item perceived stress scale is widely used to index subjective stress, and the statetrait personality inventory is a 30item questionnaire assessing anxiety, anger, and curiosity. It is not a diagnostic instrument, but intended to make comparisons of subjects perceived stress related to current, objective events. In general, subjects under high levels of perceived stress will have increased hpa activation. Reliability and validity of the perceived stress scale10. Sheldon cohen, is the most widely used tool in scientific research for assessing the perception of stress. The following questions ask about your feelings and thoughts during the. Data are presented on the psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss, an instrument developed in response to these issues. Perceived stress was measured by cohens perceived stress scale pss. A total score ranging from 0 to 40 is computed by reverse scoring the four positively worded items and then summing all the scale items. In each case, please indicate your response by placing an x over the square representing how often you felt or thought a certain way.
Aug 11, 2011 there are three popular tools for measuring perceived stress. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale john m. Jan, 2015 the pss14 is comprised of 14 items intended to measure how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded individuals find their life circumstances. This paper presents evidence from a heterogeneous sample of 440 spanish adults, for the reliability and validity of a european spanish version of the perceived stress scale pss, designed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Among these, pss is the most widely used such as in studies assessing stressfulness of events, physical and psychiatric diseases and stress management programs 614. The pss is one of the few instruments to measure a global level of perceived stress, and has been widely used in a range of clinical and research settings. The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the united states. Validierung des perceived stress questionnaire psq an. Perceived stress scale pdf the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for.
The tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping. Permission for use of the perceived stress scale i apologize for this automated reply. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Perceived stress among adolescents is socially determined. Perceived stress scale an overview sciencedirect topics. Perceived stress scale scoring each item is rated on a 5point scale ranging from never 0 to almost always 4. Provided with permission, sheldon cohen, phd and the american. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss. It is a selfreported questionnaire that was designed to measure the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as stressful cohen et al. One of the most widely used scales for the evaluation of stress is the perceived stress scale pss, and it has been adapted into different languages. Sheldon cohen in 1983, this 4, 10, or 14 point questionnaire assesses how in control of their lives subjects have felt over the last month.
Privacy policy legal notice site map accessibility get adobe reader. A global measure of perceived stress wofford college. Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale article pdf available in asian nursing research 64. To translate the perceived stress scale versions pss4, 10 and 14 and to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of general greek population. Items were designed to tap how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. Perceived stress scale 4 pss 4 instructions the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. The higher the degree and longer the duration of selfperceived stress, indicated by a higher. It was previously employed when collecting perceived stress levels over the phone during followup interviews. The perceived stress scale pss, created by the psychologist dr. Please feel free to use the perceived stress scale for your research.
Positively worded items are reverse scored, and the ratings are summed, with higher scores indicating more perceived stress. Stress is one major trigger of smoking and relapse, and understanding stress among smoking cardiac patients can therefore help in designing effective interventions to motivate them to quit. References the pss scale is reprinted with permission of the american sociological association, from cohen, s. Assessment of differential item functioning in the perceived stress scale 10. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress assessment instrument. The tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how different situations affect our feelings and our perceived stress. The perceived stress scale pss, 10item version cohen, 2005, is a widely used indicator of perceptions of stress, such as loss of control over events in ones life, with validity supported by. Perceived stress scale 4 pss4 ohio nurses association. The perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. Stressful life events were assessed with the questionnaire of. Journal of health and social behavior, 244, 385396. Psychological stress has been defined as the extent to which persons perceive appraise that their demands exceed their ability to cope. Pss10 scores are obtained by reversing the scores on the four positive items. Journal of epidemiology and community health 53 319320.
In such manner, pss is not only a measure to assess an extant of how a given situation might hurt. Perceived stress scale applied to college students. Nih toolbox perceived stress survey pediatric 812 parent report is a cat comprised of items modified from the perceived stress scale 10. A 14item scale for measuring the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Aug 25, 2010 smoking causes heart disease, the major cause of death in china and hong kong. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are. Perceived stress scale by sheldon cohen the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Items were designed to assess how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their. Validation of the arabic version of the cohen perceived stress scale pss10 among pregnant and postpartum women. Your score on this test will help us determine how likely it is that mental and emotional stress are contributing to your condition. Althoughadditionalresearchis neededtodefinethese relationshi ps. As described above, the pss10 is a 10item selfreport measure of global perceived stress. However, the german version of the pss10 has not yet been validated. May 23, 2016 the perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24.
A global measure of perceived stress sheldon cohen carnegiemellon university tom kamarck university of oregon robin mermelstein university of oregon journal of health and social behavior 1983, vol. Pdf smoking causes heart disease, the major cause of death in china and hong kong. The perceived stress scale was developed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Citeseerx citation query perceived stress in a probability. The questions in this scale ask about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. The pss scale is reprinted with permission of the american sociological association, from cohen, s. It was previously employed when collecting perceived stress levels over the phone. Motivation to change is linked to desire, ability, reasons, and need to make change. The perceived stress scale is a way to quantify perception of stress. Parent report instrument for perceived stress nih toolbox emotion. Individuals rate items on a 5point likert scale, ranging from 0 never to 4 very often.
However, few studies have presented normative data from large samples, and there do not appear to be any studies of the pss that provide normative data based on large samples for mexico. In each case, please indicate with a check how often you felt or thought a certain way. Specifically, items are designed to measure the extent to which ones life is perceived as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading cohen et al. Perceived stress scale 4 item the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss, and to compare the appropriateness of the three versions of the scale pss14, pss10. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale. If you are a student, a teacher, or are otherwise using the perceived stress scale pss. Perceived stress scale pdf perceived stress scale pdf perceived stress scale pdf download. Permission for use of the scale is not necessary when use is for academic research or. Mothers who breastfed had significantly less perceived stress in the month preceding the test than did the those who bottle fed. Scores range from 056, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.